What is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a set of connected computers. Computers on a network are called nodes. The connection between computers can be done via cabling, most commonly the Ethernet cable, or wirelessly through radio waves. Connected computers can share resources like access to the Internet, printers, file servers, and others. A network is a multipurpose connection, which allows a single computer to do more.

Types of Networks

There are several different types of computer networks. Computer networks can be characterized by their size as well as their purpose. The size of a network can be expressed by the geographic area they occupy and the number of computers that are part of the network. Networks can cover anything from a handful of devices within a single room to millions of devices spread across the entire globe.

Some of the different networks based on size are:

Personal Area Network

A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network organized around an individual person within a single building. This could be inside a small office or residence. A typical PAN would include one or more computers, telephones, peripheral devices, video game consoles and other personal entertainment devices.

If multiple individuals use the same network within a residence, the network is sometimes referred to as a home area network, or HAN. In a very typical setup, a residence will have a single wired Internet connection connected to a router. This router then provides both wired and wireless connections for multiple devices. The network is typically managed from a single computer but can be accessed from any device.

This type of network provides great flexibility. For example, it allows you to:

Local Area Network

A local area network, or LAN, consists of a computer network at a single site, typically an individual office building. A LAN is very useful for sharing resources, such as data storage and printers. LANs can be built with relatively inexpensive hardware, such as switches, network adapters and Ethernet cables.

The smallest LAN may only use two computers, while larger LANs can accommodate thousands of computers. A LAN typically relies mostly on wired connections for increased speed and security, but wireless connections can also be part of a LAN. High speed and relatively low cost are the defining characteristics of LANs.

LANs are typically used for single sites where people need to share resources among themselves but not with the rest of the outside world. Think of an office building where everybody should be able to access files on a central server or be able to print a document to one or more central printers. Those tasks should be easy for everybody working in the same office, but you would not want somebody just walking outside to be able to send a document to the printer from their cell phone! If a local area network, or LAN, is entirely wireless, it is referred to as a wireless local area network, or WLAN.

Metropolitan Area Network

A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a computer network across an entire city, college campus or small region. A MAN is larger than a LAN, which is typically limited to a single building or site. Depending on the configuration, this type of network can cover an area from several miles to tens of miles. A MAN is often used to connect several LANs together to form a bigger network. When this type of network is specifically designed for a college campus, it is sometimes referred to as a campus area network, or CAN.

Wide Area Network

A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very large area, such as an entire country or the entire world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANs. The Internet is the best-known example of a public WAN.

ኮምፒዩተ ነትዎርክ እንታ ማለት`ዩ?

ስርዓተ ኮምፒዩተር ነትዎርክ ንኽልተ ወይ’ውን ካብ ክልተ ንላዕሊ ኮምፒይተራት ነንሕድሕዱ መስመር ወይ ድማ ብዋየርለስ ብምሕባር ንዝግበር ርክብ ስርሓት ዝውክል ዓውዲ ናይ ኮምፒዩተር እዩ። ኣብ መስርሕ ኮምፒዩተር ነትዎርክ፡ ኣብ ሓደ ኮምፒተር ዘሎ ሓበሬታ (ዳታ ፊይል) ኮነ ትሕዝቶ ብመላእ ኣካል ናይቲ ስርዓት ዝኾና ኮምፒዩተራት ክርአ ወይ’ውን ክጥቀም ይከኣል። ካልእ ድማ ከም ፕሪንተር፡ ስካነር ወዘተ ዘኣመሰሉ ምጥቃም ይከኣል።

ኣገባብ መስርሕ ኮምፒዩተር ነትዎርክ ኣብ ዓርባዕተ ክኽፈል ይከኣል። ነፍሲ ወከፍ ክፍሊ ድማ ናቱ ዝኾነ ደረጃ ኣሰራርሓ ይውንን።

ግላዊ ነትዎርክ (Personal Area Network) እዚ ዓይነት ነትዎርክ ኣብ ግላዊ ውልቀሰባት ዝተሞርከሰ ኮይንኑ ኩሎም ደማ ኣብ ሓደ ርሻን ወይ ድማ ገዛ ዝውክል ይኽውን።

ሎካል ኤርያ ነትዎርክ (Local Area network) ኣብ ኣዝዩ ሓጺር ስፍሓት ዘለዎ ቦታ ክሽፍን ዝኽእል ስርዓተ ኮምፒዩተር ኔትዎርክ ኮይኑ፡ መብዛሕትኡ እዋን ኣብ ሓንቲ ክፍሊ ንዝህልዉ ኮምፒዩተራት ዝጠምር ኣገባብ እዩ። “Local” ዝብል ቃል ከባብያዊ ክኽውን ከሎ፡ ኣብ ውሱን ከባቢ ዝዝርጋሕን ንኣከባብያዊ መጠነ ርሕቐት ኣብ ዘሎ ቦታታት ዝሽፍን ክፋል ስርዓተ ኔትዎርክ እዩ። ኣብያተ ጽሕፈት፡ ወሃብቲ ኣገልግሎት ኢንተርነት ዝኾና ትካላትን ዓበይቲ ንግዳውያን ትካላትን ገለ ካብቶም በዚ ዝተጠቕሰ ክፋል ስርዓተ ኔትዎርክ ኣገልግሎት ዝህቡ እዮም።

ሜትሮፖሊታን ኤርያ ነትዎርክ (Metropolitan Area network) ሰፊሕ ማለት ክኸውን ከሎ፡ እዚ ዓይነት ስርዓተ ኔትዎርክ ንኣዝዮም ሰፋሕቲ ቦታታት ክሽፍን ዘኽእል እዩ። ኣብ መላእ ሃገር ንዝህሉ መስርሕ ኔትዎርክ በዚ ዝተገልጸ ክፋል ኮምፒዩተር ኔትዎርክ ዝፍጸም ኮይኑ፡ ኣገልግሎት ኢንተርነት፡ ሜትሮሎጂን ካልእ ሰፊሕ ርሕቐት ዝሽፍን ስርዓተ ሓበሬታ ዝኾኑ ኣገልግሎታት ገል ካብ ተጠቐስቲ ኣብነታት’ዚ ስርዓተ ኮምፒዩተር ኔትዎርክ እዮም። ስርዓተ ኮምፒዩተር ኔትዎርክ ዝተፈላለዩ ኮምፒዩተራት ኣብ ነንሕድሕዱ ብምርኻብ ንዝድለ ምትሕልላፍ መልእኽቲ ኮነ ስርሓት ዘሰላስል ስርዓት እዩ።

ዋይድ ኤርያ ነትዎርክ (Wide area network) “Wide” ሰፊሕ ማለት ክኸውን ከሎ፡ እዚ ዓይነት ስርዓተ ኔትዎርክ ንኣዝዮም ሰፋሕቲ ቦታታት ክሽፍን ዘኽእል እዩ። ኣብ መላእ ሃገር ንዝህሉ መስርሕ ኔትዎርክ በዚ ዝተገልጸ ክፋል ኮምፒዩተር ኔትዎርክ ዝፍጸም ኮይኑ፡ ኣገልግሎት ኢንተርነት፡ ሜትሮሎጂን ካልእ ሰፊሕ ርሕቐት ዝሽፍን ስርዓተ ሓበሬታ ዝኾኑ ኣገልግሎታት ገል ካብ ተጠቐስቲ ኣብነታት’ዚ ስርዓተ ኮምፒዩተር ኔትዎርክ እዮም። ስርዓተ ኮምፒዩተር ኔትዎርክ ዝተፈላለዩ ኮምፒዩተራት ኣብ ነንሕድሕዱ ብምርኻብ ንዝድለ ምትሕልላፍ መልእኽቲ ኮነ ስርሓት ዘሰላስል ስርዓት እዩ።

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